Audit Quality Moderates Comprehensive Stakeholder Pressure and the Effectiveness of the Board of Commissioners on the Quality of Sustainability Report (Cross-Country Analysis in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v4i10.99Keywords:
Sustainability Report, Comprehensive Stakeholder Pressure, Board of Commissioners, Audit Quality.Abstract
This research investigates how comprehensive stakeholder pressure and the supervisory effectiveness of the board of commissioners relate to sustainability report quality, while considering audit quality as a moderator. The analysis covers large-capitalization energy companies traded on the stock exchanges of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore over 2019-2023. Purposive selection produced a sample of 54 firms: 17 Indonesian, 22 Malaysian, and 15 Singaporean companies. Five years of observations yielded 270 firm-year records. Shareholder, employee, and government pressure were not significantly associated with reporting quality, whereas creditor pressure had a significant positive effect. Neither board effectiveness nor audit quality demonstrated a significant direct or moderating effect. The findings suggest that external demands, particularly those imposed by creditors, play a more prominent role in sustainability transparency than internal governance arrangements. Disclosure levels were also higher among the Indonesian and Malaysian companies than among their Singaporean counterparts, which recorded the lowest level of sustainability reporting disclosure.
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