Beyond Legal Validity: Family Endowment (Waqf Ahli) and the Governance of Family-Based Islamic Boarding Schools in Merangin Regency, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v4i9.94Keywords:
Family Endowment (Waqf Ahli); Islamic Law; Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah; Waqf Governance; Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren)Abstract
This study analyzes the implementation of family endowment (waqf ahli) from the perspective of Islamic law in family-based Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The central problem is that pesantren assets originating from the founding family's property intersect with the concept of waqf ahli yet frequently face difficulties of legality and governance, so that legal validity in fiqh does not automatically translate into accountable management. Employing a qualitative, socio-legal design and a multi-case study of three pesantren—Sayyid Musthafa, Azzakariyah, and Al Aziziah—data were generated through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed inductively through data condensation, display, and verification, with credibility secured through source and method triangulation. The findings show, first, that waqf ahli is a valid institution in fiqh, agreed upon across the four Sunni schools, consistent with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, and recognized in Indonesian positive law. Second, its field implementation forms a spectrum of three models: a formal-productive model (Sayyid Musthafa), a traditional-social model (Azzakariyah), and a grant-institutional (hibah) model (Al Aziziah). cultural factor most dominant in traditional settings. Fourth, the practice substantively conforms to maqāṣid al-sharīʿah but does not yet fully satisfy the principles of good waqf governance, particularly transparency, horizontal accountability, and legal certification. The study's central contribution is the thesis that the legal validity of waqf ahli does not by itself guarantee optimal governance; maqāṣid and governance stand in a relation of ends and means that must advance together if the endowment's sustainable benefit is to be realized.
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