Indicator-Based Mapping of Teacher Performance and School Organizational Conditions in Public Senior High Schools in Lintong Nihuta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v4i8.76Keywords:
Teacher Performance, Principal Leadership, Organizational Communication, Work Environment, Indicator MappingAbstract
This study mapped principal leadership, organizational communication, work environment, and teacher performance at the indicator level across three public senior high schools in Lintong Nihuta District. A cross-sectional ex post facto survey was conducted from February to July 2026. Of 92 active teachers targeted by census, 75 returned complete 64-item questionnaires, yielding an 81.52% response rate. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.953 to 0.961. Teacher performance reached 94.21%, organizational communication 91.27%, work environment 90.98%, and principal leadership 90.04%, with all constructs categorized as very high. Assessment preparation, teacher cooperation, school cleanliness, and principal discipline were relative strengths. Professional support, vertical communication, learning facilities, and professional development remained relative improvement priorities. The findings provide a descriptive, perception-based diagnosis rather than causal evidence.
References
Akgöz, E. E., Şahin, F., & Erdoğan, O. (2024). The mediator role of school climate in the relationship between instructional leadership behaviors of school principals and teacher autonomy. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(4), 1142–1159. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2023-0323
Amzat, I. H., Yanti, P. G., & Suswandari, S. (2022). Estimating the effect of principal instructional and distributed leadership on professional development of teachers in Jakarta, Indonesia. SAGE Open, 12(3), 21582440221109585. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221109585
Auliana, S., Supriyanto, A. S., & Harini, S. (2021). Understanding teacher performance through leadership role, work environment, and work motivation. MANAGERIA: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.14421/manageria.2021.62-10
Balqis, S. N., Usman, N., & Ismail, I. (2025). Partnership in participative leadership and organizational communications: Factors shaping junior high school teacher performance. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(1), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i1.1372
Borja, P. J. E. (2024). The evaluation of teacher professional performance, engine of performance. International Journal of Human Sciences Research, 4(18), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5584182431055
Çoban, Ö., Özdemir, N., & Bellibaş, M. Ş. (2023). Trust in principals, leaders’ focus on instruction, teacher collaboration, and teacher self-efficacy: Testing a multilevel mediation model. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(1), 95–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220968170
Cravens, X. C., & Hunter, S. B. (2021). Assessing the impact of collaborative inquiry on teacher performance and effectiveness. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 32(4), 564–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2021.1923532
Dreer, B. (2024). Teachers’ well-being and job satisfaction: The important role of positive emotions in the workplace. Educational Studies, 50(1), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1940872
Dutta, V., & Sahney, S. (2022). Relation of principal instructional leadership, school climate, teacher job performance and student achievement. Journal of Educational Administration, 60(2), 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2021-0010
Habibi, A., Attar, R. W., Saudagar, F., Tomczyk, Ł., Hendra, R., & Alhazmi, A. H. (2025). Instructional leadership, self-efficacy, commitment and school climate on teachers’ job satisfaction and performance: Asian context. Asian Education and Development Studies, 14(5), 1002–1021. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-11-2024-0262
Hamidah, H., Komariah, A., Aedi, N., Prihatin, E., & Salsabil, S. H. (2024). The impact of principals’ managerial quality and school climate on enhancing teacher performance. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(4), 4541–4550. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i4.5844
Hascher, T., & Waber, J. (2021). Teacher well-being: A systematic review of the research literature from the year 2000–2019. Educational Research Review, 34, 100411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100411
Janiah, S., Suriansyah, A., & Effendi, R. (2023). The correlation of school principal communication, work ethic, and work motivation to teacher performance. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(1), 336–342. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i1-46
Kanya, N., Fathoni, A. B., & Ramdani, Z. (2021). Factors affecting teacher performance. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 1462–1468. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21693
Karacabey, M. F., Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Adams, D. (2022). Principal leadership and teacher professional learning in Turkish schools: Examining the mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy and teacher trust. Educational Studies, 48(2), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1749835
Karakose, T., Tulubaş, T., Kanadli, S., & Gurr, D. (2025). What factors mediate the relationship between principal leadership and teacher professional learning? Evidence from meta-analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM). Journal of Educational Administration, 63(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-05-2024-0160
Ker, H. W., Lee, Y. H., & Ho, S. M. (2022). The impact of work environment and teacher attributes on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Process: International Journal, 11(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2022.111.3
Kurniadewi, R., Lappy, A. A., Pata, K. P., & Husin, A. (2026). The effects of school climate, teacher commitment, and communication on teacher performance. Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research, 5(6), 957–972. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijar.v5i6.16662
Kurniady, D. A., Susilana, R., Widodo, M., & Halimi, A. K. (2024). Managerial performance in developing school climate to improve school quality. Journal of Education, 204(2), 392–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574211016405
Liu, Y., Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Gümüş, S. (2021). The effect of instructional leadership and distributed leadership on teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Mediating roles of supportive school culture and teacher collaboration. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 430–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220910438
Ma, X., & Marion, R. (2021). Exploring how instructional leadership affects teacher efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(1), 188–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219888742
Meyer, A., Hartung-Beck, V., Gronostaj, A., Krüger, S., & Richter, D. (2023). How can principal leadership practices promote teacher collaboration and organizational change? A longitudinal multiple case study of three school improvement initiatives. Journal of Educational Change, 24(3), 425–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-022-09451-9
Mulyadi, S., & Aryadi, D. (2025). Effect of physical work environment, workload and tenure on teacher performance at high school. Management of Education: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 11(2), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.18592/moe.v11i2.16802
Muspawi, M. (2021). Strategi peningkatan kinerja guru. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 21(1), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i1.1265
Ngabiyanto, N., Nurkhin, A., Mulyono, K. B., Saputro, I. H., Pramono, D., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2023). Teachers’ performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Causality and comparison. European Journal of Educational Research, 12(2), 605–621. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.2.605
Pan, H.-L. W., & Chen, W.-Y. (2021). How principal leadership facilitates teacher learning through teacher leadership: Determining the critical path. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 454–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220913553
Raharja, S., Nashir, I. M., & Andriani, D. E. (2022). The effect of principals’ transformational leadership and organizational culture on teacher performance. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 6(2), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v6i2.49456
Rohrer, J. M. (2018). Thinking clearly about correlations and causation: Graphical causal models for observational data. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917745629
Satria, F., Marwan, M., & Bahri, S. (2024). The influence of academic supervision, work environment, and work motivation on teacher performance. Jurnal As-Salam, 8(2), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.37249/assalam.v8i2.793
Sengsalong, A., & Yuliana, L. (2025). Enhancing teacher competency: Strategies and patterns at Siritham Wittaya School. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(1), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i1.6047
Simanullang, M., Samosir, L., Saragih, R., Sitopu, E., & Simanullang, P. (2024). The influence of interpersonal communication of school principals and academic supervision of school supervisors on the performance of junior high school teachers in Parlilitan District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Journal of Educational Analytics, 3(2), 305–330. https://doi.org/10.55927/jeda.v3i2.8922
Sinaga, S., Sitorus, H., Simanullang, P., Samosir, L., & Sitompul, A. S. (2024). Comparative study of the influence of principal management and teacher performance professionalism on numeracy literacy ability in SMA Negeri 2 Lintongnihuta and SMA Negeri 2 Balige. Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology, 3(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcet.v3i2.9564
Sitorus, R., Samosir, L., & Tarigan, I. (2023). Hubungan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan peran tim kerja guru dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan tahun 2023. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia, 2(10), 3217–3223. https://doi.org/10.58344/jmi.v2i10.598
Sukmara, G., Yuliana, L., Retnowati, E., & Jannah, N. M. (2023). The important role of principal in academic supervision to improve teacher competency in society 5.0 era. Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan, 21(2), 268–284. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v21i2.6926
Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher job satisfaction: The importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247
Triana, T., & Rugaiyah, R. (2023). Tacit knowledge sharing to improve teachers’ performance. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 11(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.21831/jamp.v11i1.56741
Velarde, J. M., Ghani, M. F., Adams, D., & Cheah, J.-H. (2022). Towards a healthy school climate: The mediating effect of transformational leadership on cultural intelligence and organisational health. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(1), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220937311
Voelkel, R. H., Jr. (2022). Causal relationship among transformational leadership, professional learning communities, and teacher collective efficacy. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 25(3), 345–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1690699
Wardani, R. K., Rahmawati, D., & Santosa, H. (2021). The role of academic supervision and communication on teacher performance. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 5(2), 302–310. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v5i2.30212
Yayuk, E., & Haqqi, Y. A. (2024). Maximizing teacher competence and performance: The influential factors across individuals, organizations, leadership, and environment: A comprehensive systematic review and model. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(1), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i1.4408






